Penetration Behavior of the Footing of Jack-Up Vessel of OWTs in Thin Stiff over NC Clay

This study investigated the behavior of spudcan foundation jack-up vessels offshore wind turbines during undrained vertical penetration into thin stiff-over-normally consolidated clay. Large deformation finite element (LDFE) analyses were used to simulate continuous seabed surface. Detailed parametric analysis was performed explore a range normalized soil properties and layer geometry roughness soil–spudcan interface. The results validated against previously reported data. LDFE consistent with those centrifuge tests. evolving soil-failure patterns revealed backflow trapping stronger top-layer material beneath spudcan. plug shape influenced by top thickness, strength gradient bottom layer, relative ratio, which also affected resistance soils. In this study, an expression derived quantify aim providing theoretical basis for design footings suitable stiff-over-soft